The Advances of Poly-ADP-Ribose Polymerase Inhibitors use in Breast Cancer Targeted Therapy: A comprehensive literature review study
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AmirAli Moodi Ghalibaf,1,* Mehdi Atayee Karizmeh,2 Fatemeh Zahra Ghaffari,3 Nazanin Forghani,4 Saeed Farkhondeh,5
1. Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
2. Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
3. Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
4. Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
5. Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Introduction: Today the breast cancer becomes one of the most prevalent cancer all over the world. According to the importance of this cancer, different therapeutic strategies have been developed and developing to find effective therapies for patients suffering from breast malignancies. In this case, targeted therapies have been evaluated as a cost-benefit method in which the specific molecules, receptors, pathways, etc been targeted by the applied agents. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are a group of critical enzymes that involve in the DNA-damage repair. So, it seems that PARPs inhibitors can be effective agents for targeting some specific malignant cell lines. Therefore, in this literature review study, we investigated the last findings and developments about the use of PARPs inhibitors in breast cancer targeted therapy.
- Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in electronic databases Embase, Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science, the keywords “Breast Cancer”, “Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases” and all MeSH related words since 2010. We included original and review studies for more evaluation in our study. Also, the references of the review studies were checked to reduce the chance of missing any related article.
- Results: The investigations determined that PARPs inhibitors are effective agents in targeting triple-negative breast cancer, BRCA 1 associated breast cancer, and BRCA 2 associated breast cancer. Moreover, this kind of targeted therapy can attack the cancer cells without high levels of cytotoxicity, and also these agents selectively targeting cells with the unstable genome. The last clinical trial studies indicated that several PARPs inhibitor agents are registered; including Olaparib, Talazoparib, Niraparib, Rucaparib, and Veliparib. In detail, Olaparib is determined as an agent for gBRCA1/2+ Advanced solid tumors in all genders. Veliparib is determined as an agent for gBRCA1/2+ and HER 2– basal-like breast cancers but this agent is applicable for more than 19 years old patients. Similar to Olaparib, the Talazoparib is designed for gBRCA1/2+ breast cancers but it can be used in metastatic cancers. Niraparib and Rucaparib commonly targeting gBRCA1/2+ breast malignancies but in some cases, Rucaparib can be effective on HER 2- breast cancers after chemotherapy. It should be noted that the combinations of PARPs inhibitors targeted therapy with other cancer therapies strategies indicated contradictory results that in several combinations high level of cytotoxicity was observed.
- Conclusion: Based on our findings, PARPs inhibitor agents can potentially be used in targeting breast cancer cell lines but further clinical trial studies are needed to prove their application in breast cancer patients.
- Keywords: PARP, Breast Cancer, Targeted Therapy
