Application of Silver Nanoparticles with Biotechnological Processes in Bacterial Resistance
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SOGOL EBRAHIMPOUR,1,*
1. Department of Biology, Qods City Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
- Introduction: Introduction: AgNPs are now widely used as an outstanding antimicrobial agent with great antibacterial properties. They answer a number of the requirements that new antimicrobial technologies are expected to meet to be effective, including antimicrobial performance, rapid action, and low cytotoxicity; and, finally, nanoparticles may be modified to provide selectivity and delivery to specific targets. Silver has long been utilized as an antibacterial agent, either alone or in combination with other technologies. potential to limit bacterial growth when used as silver nitrate or silver sulfadiazine in burn and ulcer creams and dressings Because of the existing understanding and evidence of silver's antibacterial activity, the research of AgNPs' antibacterial ability was an obvious path with the advent of nanotechnology. AgNPs' antibiotic potential is linked to their numerous modes of action, which attack germs in multiple structures at once and allow them to kill a variety of bacteria. The goal of this research is to see how silver nanoparticles can be used in biotechnological processes to combat bacterial resistance.
- Methods: Search Method: This study is entitled Particles Application of silver nanoparticles with biotechnological processes in bacterial resistance, which were analyzed by searching scientific databases such as Science Direct, Springer, Google Scholar, PubMed
- Results: Result: Currently, the literature supports three ways by which AgNPs exert their antibacterial effect, which has been seen simultaneously or independently. The first proposes that AgNPs act at the membrane level by penetrating the outer membrane and accumulating in the inner membrane, where the nanoparticles' adherence to the cell causes membrane instability and degradation, increasing membrane permeability and causing cellular content leakage and death. AgNPs have also been shown to bind with sulfur-containing proteins in bacteria's cell walls, potentially causing structural damage and cell wall rupture. The second mechanism proposes that nanoparticles can not only break and cross the cell membrane, altering its structure and permeability, but also enter the cell, where it is suggested that, due to their properties, AgNPs will have an affinity for sulfur or phosphorus groups present in intracellular content such as DNA and proteins, altering their structure and functions. They may also affect the respiratory chain in the inner membrane by reacting with thiol groups in enzymes, causing reactive oxygen species and free radicals to form, causing damage to intracellular machinery and initiating the apoptotic pathway. The release of silver ions from nanoparticles, which, due to their size and charge, can interact with cellular components, affecting metabolic pathways, membranes, and even genetic material, is thought to occur in parallel with the other two mechanisms.
- Conclusion: Conclusion: The results showed the use of AgNPs reduces the amount of antibiotic and nanoparticle doses required to produce effective antibacterial action against a variety of bacteria, lowering the risk of side effects. Nanoparticles can form complexes to act as drug or antibiotic carriers, improving their release and selectivity; nanoparticles can be functionalized with different molecules to improve their antibacterial effect; and finally, they have antibacterial activity against a variety of bacteria, including Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, as well as resistant strains.
- Keywords: Key words: Nanoparticles, Bacterial Resistance, Biotechnological, Silver
