Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery in the Renal Cancer
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Mohana Kamari,1,*
1. Msc of Molecular Genetic Department of Genetics, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.
- Introduction: The renal (kidney) system functions as a blood filter. Renal cortical tumors can be malignant, benign, or indolent. Renal cancer is a complex disease that necessitates the use of multitarget inhibitors (MITs) to address issues such as resistance development. The drugs utilized are both single-drug inhibitors (SDI) and multi-drug inhibitors (MDI). Because there is currently no cure for metastatic RCC, nanotechnology can only be used in a limited way. Traditional drug delivery methods harm both cancer cells and healthy cells, necessitating the development of specific active and passive drug delivery strategies. Renal cancer pathogenesis is complicated and diverse, impacted by many factors, including smoking, obesity, workplace exposure, genetic and hereditary risk factors, gene mutation (inherited or acquired), and the presence of von Hippel-Lindau disease, to name a few. Birt-Hogg-Dube (BHD) syndrome, hereditary papillary renal cell cancer, hereditary leiomyoma-renal cell carcinoma Renal cancer in the family, hereditary renal oncocytoma, a family history of kidney cancer, and high blood pressure are all factors to consider. Nanoparticles interact with cells and tissue in different ways. Nanoparticles can be employed as a medication delivery vehicle for both targeted and controlled drug release (timed release or single-dose injection). Antibodies, nucleic acids, proteins, and peptides, which are required for targeted medication administration, can also be delivered to the site of action by nanoparticles. Overdosing, adverse effects and injury to healthy cells are all avoided. The purpose of this research is to study nanotechnology and drug delivery in renal cancer.
- Methods: This study was the study of nanotechnology and drug delivery in renal cancer, that was by searching scientific databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer.
- Results: The result showed Use of nanotechnology for delivering drugs to renal cancer is still in its infancy. The glomerular capillary wall is a structure in the kidneys that filters blood. Nanoparticles with a diameter of less than 10 nm are subjected to first-pass renal filtration, hence their size is critical. The findings revealed that particles larger than 100 nanometers in diameter can aggregate in tumor tissue while being passively targeted and that this accumulation is solely dependent on diffusion-mediated transit into the tumor. Stable nanoparticles in circulation for longer periods result in increased drug uptake by tumors and less toxicity by avoiding the reticuloendothelial system. Nanocapsules, Nanospheres, Micelles, Nano-Liposomes, Dendrimers, and others are examples of successful nanoparticles in drug delivery. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies in pathological circumstances with substantial decreases in glomerular filtration are the focus of kidney-targeted medication delivery. To target medications to the glomerulus, mesangial cells, and medium fibroblasts, new nanocarriers are being developed.
- Conclusion: To summarize, nanotherapy for renal cancer is still in its early stages. The multifactorial nature of cancer and renal clearances, as well as the occurrence of many different forms of renal cancer, are substantial roadblocks. Different types of nanoparticles are evaluated for their suitability as medication carriers. Minimize the buildup of any non-biodegradable polymer or other nanoparticles (used in drug delivery) with a size greater than the renal threshold size 31, and prevent nanoparticles from crossing the BBB are two factors that should not be overlooked. Another question that has been raised is whether nanotechnology can aid in the treatment of metastatic cancer, which contains extremely small cells, a high multiplicity, and is scattered throughout several organ settings. Only timely diagnosis holds out hope soon. Due to the multifarious origins of cancer, delivering medications to various organs may need a significant amount of study. The future will benefit from a combination of nephrology, medicine, and nanotechnology to develop target-specific, safe, and cost-effective nanomedicine for renal illnesses.
- Keywords: Renal Cancer; Tumor; Nanotechnology; Drug deliver
