Biotechnologic Production of Collagen Peptides with Pharmaceutical Effects by using Enzyme Immobilization
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Rozhina Tamannaeifar,1,*
1. Bioprocessing and Biodetection Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran
- Introduction: Introduction
One of the most challenging issues facing humanity today is widespread metabolic disease. (i.e., any of the diseases or disorders that disrupt normal metabolism). Over time, as communities become more aware, more attention will be paid to health, and the demand for beneficial substances will increase. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in looking for new bioactive compounds to treat disease, including metabolites of marine origin, like Collagen, which is the predominant connective tissue protein consisting of biologically active peptides with unique biological and technological properties. Bioactive peptides are linear or cyclic polymers composed of amino acids that are covalently bonded together. Bio-peptides are inactive in maternal protein but they’ll show their health effects after releasing, so that they can be widely used in medical, food and pharma industries.
Biological properties of oral collagen hydrolysates include antioxidant activity, anti-diabetic activity , anticoagulant activity, antihypertensive activity, antidepressant activity, immune system booster and skin care. All of the above make collagen a valuable substance that can be used as an element with high therapeutic effectiveness with the emergence of problems such as increasing social age and its consequences, like chronic degenerative metabolic diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates caused by its complications.
- Methods: Methods
Collagen hydrolysis is performed to increase its biological effectiveness. Enzymatic proteolysis of animal’s by-products using proteases (including papain, trypsin, chymotrypsin, alcalase, pepsin, and collagenase) is a rapid, reproducible and controllable method. Immobilization of enzymes conduct to expand their application and to ensure reuse in various type of process, can be defined as trapping an enzyme (biocatalyst) in a separate phase that is set apart from the main phase. Enzymes are multifunctional catalysts which immobilization can solve the issue of enzyme instability. Immobilized enzymes are trapped either physically or by covalent bonds by chemical methods in a neutral solution matrix or transporter. In other words, immobilization define as limiting the position of enzymes. If the use of enzymes in immobilization form makes the enzyme more stable, it will be possible to use an enzyme source multiple times and easily separate it from the mixture. These days, immobilization and use of various enzymes in various industries has increased. The characteristics of substrates and the conditions of enzyme immobilization have a significant effect on the enzyme activity and performance; therefore, should be selected in such a way that the goal of enzyme maintaining properties and increasing its efficiency is achieved. Mass transfer can also lead to a decrease in enzyme activity, which should be considered. Enzyme immobilization allows access to some kinetic advantages that in some instances are necessary to get the desired product, avoiding side-reactions. Undoubtedly, future strategies will be aligned with enzyme stability in solutions, stability to contaminants, stability in the face of pH changes and tolerance of higher temperature range
As most enzymes are relatively unstable and costly to isolate, the use of a method by which enzymes can be recovered or reused has become a concern for biotechnologists. Due to the outstanding catalytic properties, the properties of the enzyme must be improved before use on an industrial scale, and the enzyme immobilization method can be used to achieve the goal of improving efficiency.
- Results: Result
The aim of this study is to evaluate feasibility of producing bioactive peptides from collagen using enzyme immobilization method and finally trying to form this strategy on an industrial scale and focus on systematic quantification of collagen hydrolysates. Recent advances in pharmaceutical industrial biotechnology have made it possible to use immobilized enzymes for a variety of industrial and manufactural applications. These applications have a wide variety of research areas in the field of enzyme immobilization in a large number of approaches that are aligned with enzyme immobilization.
- Conclusion: Conclusion
Biotechnological producing of collagen hydrolysate is important in two aspects; first, confront worldwide problem of epidemic proportions by utilizing the unique physiological and biochemical properties of bio-peptides in order to prevention and treatment metabolic disorders; and, secondly, the ability of achieving same products in maximum efficiency by using less energy. According to above; Collagen has become a promising and effective tool to deal with nutritional and health deficiencies of the population. Research in the field of biotechnological processes is developing and helping to advance them as quickly as possible, and it is hoped that it will help the health of the international community.
- Keywords: Enzyme Immobilization, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collagen Peptides
