Chimeric Antigen Receptor(CAR) T-Cell Therapy : Current and Future (Cancer, Autoimmune disease and Viral infection)
-
Fatemeh Lotfi,1,* Shahrzad Ameri,2
1. Shiraz University
2. Shiraz University
- Introduction: Chimeric antigen receptor (or CAR) T-cell therapy, is a brand new shape of immunotherapy that makes use of specially altered T cells to extra especially target cancer cells, they may become a useful and effective therapy in the treatment of autoimmune diseases like Multiple sclerosis (MS) and lupus or Viral infection such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The immune system is the body’s protection against infection and cancer. it is made of unique cells and organs that defend the body from infection and most cancers. Immune cells or antibodies can be produced inside the laboratory beneath tightly controlled situations after which given to patients to treat most Cancers, Autoimmune diseases, and Viral infections. This personalized “Living Drug” can be effective in opposition to some human diseases.
- Methods: A search became carried out in PubMed with the keywords "Chimeric Antigen Receptor" and "CART cell”. The documents of interest were selected, and an essential review of the facts became completed.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy entails genetic amendment of patient's autologous T-cells to express a CAR specifically for a tumor antigen, observed through ex vivo cell enlargement and re-infusion returned to the patient. CARs are fusion proteins of a particular single-chain fragment variable from a particular monoclonal antibody and one or extra T-cell receptor intracellular signaling domains. This T-cell genetic change might also occur through viral-based gene transfer techniques or nonviral strategies. which includes CRISPR/Cas9(a simple two-component system used for effective targeted gene editing), DNA transposons (“jumping genes", that can move and integrate to different locations within the genome), or direct transfer of in vitro transcribed-mRNA by electroporation (a powerful tool for transient genetic modification of cells).
- Results: Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has appeared as an efficient solution for relapsed or refractory "liquid tumors" Leukemia and Lymphoma. The medical achievement of CAR T-cell therapy in blood cancers has generated enthusiasm for checking out the technic in solid tumors. but, the biology of solid tumors is more complicated than that of hematological malignancies. This type of immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of oncological diseases, and the potential uses in autoimmune diseases (Multiple sclerosis “MS” and Lupus) have lately been defined. CAR-T cell is a drug that may induce HIV expression. This therapy can provide immune surveillance to “kill” latently infected cells in response to agents.
- Conclusion: In this review, the principle design of CARs, the main genetic modification techniques, the potential uses in the treatment of most Cancers, Autoimmune diseases, and Viral infections are described.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell clinical trials have generated incredible consequences inside the early results of CAR T-cell therapy sufferers with blood cancers. They may become a useful and effective therapy in the treatment of autoimmune diseases like Multiple sclerosis (MS) and Lupus or viral infection such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
- Keywords: chimeric antigen receptor T cell
CAR-T cell therapy
Immune therapy
living therapy
cell therapy
